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قديم 11-15-2012, 08:27 PM
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تاريخ التسجيل: Jan 2012
الدولة: الأردن
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افتراضي A De******ion of the Psychosocial Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety



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A De******ion of the Psychosocial Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety among Female Nursing Students
SAHAR G. BEHILAK, D.N.Sc. & HODA ALY ELEBIARY, PhD .Sc.
King Faisal University

Abstract:
Depression and Anxiety are prevalent problems in colleges across the country. It is estimated that by the year 2020, Anxiety and Depression will be the second most common cause of disability worldwide. Environmental and social circumstances play a major role in the onset of stress-related diseases. Developing countries share the heavy burden of social and economic challenges. Aim of the study. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of depression, and Anxiety among a group of Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia and to describe the Psychosocial Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety among group of Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted at College of Health Sciences, Yanbu Campus, Taibah University, and College of Nursing, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
The sample of this study will include all students in first and final level of education at both above mentioned settings, [n=440 students. Tools used for data collection a) an interview questionnaire to gather demographic data. The Depression Scale and the Mental Health Inventory's Anxiety Scale. In this study found that students’ aged more than 20 years suffering from Depression than those aged less than 20 years. A statistical significance was found between the nursing students’ age, and Depression score. Also this study shows that students have late subject and satisfactory grades suffering from anxiety, and depression, than the other students who obtained excellent grades. Students’ whose mothers have illiterate, experience Depression .Students who were satisfied With their education had lower depression, Anxiety and stress scores than those who were not satisfied.

The prevalence of Anxiety and Depression symptoms among university nursing students is alarming. This shows the need for primary and secondary prevention measures, With the development of adequate and appropriate support services for this group. The universities must apply the academic advisors service for the students to help them to face the educational and personal stressors. The universities must open a counseling clinic to help the students who face psychological distress as early as possible and be able to deal With the stressors With healthy coping strategies.
Introduction:
People face Anxiety daily. The terms “stress” and “anxiety” are, many times, used interchangeably, but they are not synonymous. Stress, or a stress factor, is an external pressure exerted on the individual. Anxiety is the subjective response to this stress factor (Bastos, et al2008). Anxiety is an emotional state inherent to the human psyche. A daily-life experience that may occur in any person, it can be beneficial as it stimulates actions intended to circumscribe danger. On the other hand, there are people who feel incapable of carrying out their routine tasks or even leaving their homes. Prevalence of Depression is also higher among individuals With anxiety. Most cases of Depression are secondary to other psychiatric diseases and Anxiety are the most common primary disorders (Bastos, et al 2008).
NWHRC Health Center published that "Depression may have adverse biologic effects on the immune system, blood clotting, blood pressure, blood vessels and heart rhythms" (NWHRC 2009). Unfortunately, many people who suffer from Depression do not seek help. They believe that nothing can help, or that they can simply pull themselves up by their bootstraps. Many women don't understand that Depression is a medical illness. Stress is defined as a constant state in which one is subject to physical or mental pressure, tension, or strain. In contrast, Anxiety is an overwhelming state of apprehension and dread that can impede physical and mental functioning bycausing uncertainty regarding a situation and one's ability to cope With it. Although several studies indicate that stress is problem among nursing students, there is a dearth of studies that explore Anxiety and Depression among nursing students (Haack, 1988; Williams, etal 1995; and Pryjmachuk, 2007).
The mental health of university students is an area of increasing concern worldwide. Nursing students are young women in whom many of the ambiguities of adolescence may still be dominant. As such, they are subject to many insecurities and anxieties as they attempt to bridge the developmental gap between late adolescence and early adulthood (Ezz, et al 1990). Students in any nursing education program react to difficulties in the education process. Taking on new knowledge, roles, concepts and attitudes eventually leads to periods of stress and discontent. These students experience stress often manifesting itself as anger and hostility toward faculty and the nursing education program (Foley, 1988 & Fifer, 1996).
In addition, the new courses and new experiences may heighten Anxiety because of a number of reasons; the student may not know what to expect, negative rumors about the course may circulate among students, the clinical facility may not be familiar to them, the student may be in academic difficulty and afraid of failing the course (Melchier, , (1996). Multiple researches revealed that psychiatric problems such as anxiety, Depression are the most common causes of failure of student to gain academic achievement. Therefore, evaluation of anxiety, Depression and its characteristics in university students is an important health research topic (Rafati, 2004).In order to teach baccalaureate student nurses effectively, educators need to be oriented and knowledgeable about Anxiety and Depression among nursing students. Therefore, there is a great need to study the Anxiety and Depression facing nursing students.
Methods:
This study was conducted at College of Health Sciences, Yanbu Campus, Taibah University, and College of Nursing, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
The sample of this study will include all students in first and final level of education at both above mentioned settings, [n=440 students]. Tools used for data collection a) an interview questionnaire to gather demographic data. The Depression Scale and the Mental Health Inventory's Anxiety Scale (Reviewed by: Paul Goering, MD, executive medical director, Allina Mental Health; Steve Schneider, manager of mental health services, New Ulm Medical Center ; SusanTabor, BSN, MBA, RN, executive director, Allina Mental Health). A permission to conduct the study was obtained from the directors ofCollege of Health Sciences, Yanbu Campus, Taibah University, and College of Nursing, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.The Depression Scale and the Mental Health Inventory's Anxiety Scale completed anonymously in the students' respective classrooms by 440 students.
Statistical analysis:
After data were collected, they were coded and transferred into especially design formats to be suitable computer feeding. The statistical package of social science (SPSS) version 14.0 was utilized for data analysis and tabulation all entered
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نوع الملف: doc SAHAR G. BEHILAK, HODA ALY ELEBIARY.doc‏ (103.0 كيلوبايت, المشاهدات 7)
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